Global Heat Exchanger Market

Publisher: Acmite Market Intelligence

Abstract

Benefiting from technology innovations and robust growth in the application markets such as fuel processing, power plants, HVAC and others, heat exchanger market is experiencing well above industry average growth. Stricter environmental regulations and ever-growing pressure of energy costs bring both challenges and chances for the heat exchanger market.

The global demand on heat exchangers reached US$42.7 billion in 2012. With a growth of approximately 7.8% annually in the next years, the market is expected to approach US$57.9 billion by 2016 and to increase to US$78.16 billion by 2020.

Tubular heat exchangers including shell and tube heat exchangers are still the largest product group, followed by plate-type heat exchangers. Accounting for more than half of the heat exchanger market, Metals and alloys are the mostly wide used materials for heat exchangers. Technology innovations in engineering materials such as polymers and ceramics contribute new growth to the industry.

Hofmann is serving to produce customized plate heat exchangers, plates, gaskets and other spare parts. For details, please check with http://www.hfm-phe.com/

Plate Heat Exchanger Gasket

Gaskets

By means of gaskets, fluids can be arranged in countercurrent flow, and flow
volumes can be divided into a number of parallel streams. Gaskets seal the plates at their outer edges and around the ports, which are designed so that the inlet port can be at the top or bottom. Gaskets provide a double seal between the liquid streams.

Material available

Characteristics of Some Gaskets Materials

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Hofmann http://www.hfm-phe.com/ is serving to produce a full range of PHE related products, machine wholesale and replacement parts. The plates and gaskets Hofmann produced can suit well with Alfa Laval, Kelvion (former GEA), APV, SWEP, Tranter, Sondex and many other world's first class brands. 

Hofmann employed advanced technologies and manufacture skills to make his products better than others. Nowadays Hofmann is developing fast in oversea market exporting. You may feel free to contact for a free quotation.

Email: service@hfm-phe.com

http://www.hfm-phe.com/

Plate Heat Exchanger Design

Author / Editor
Karl Kolmetz

Plate Heat Exchanger Design

The approximate method given below can be used to size an exchanger for comparison
with a shell and tube exchanger, and to check performance of an existing exchanger for
new duties.

Procedure

The design procedure is similar to that for shell and tube exchangers.

1. Calculate duty, the rate of heat transfer required.
2. If the specification is incomplete, determine the unknown fluid temperature or fluid
flow rate from a heat balance.
3. Calculate the log mean temperature difference, ΔTlm.
4. Determine the log mean temperature correction factor, Ft.
5. Calculate the corrected mean temperature difference ΔTm = Ft x ΔTlm.
6. Estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient.
7. Calculate the surface area required.
8. Determined the number of plates required = total surface area/area of one plate.
9. Decide the flow arrangement and number of passes.
10. Calculate the film heat transfer coefficients for each stream.
11. Calculate the overall coefficient, allowing for fouling factors.
12. Compared the calculated with the assumed overall coefficient. If satisfactory, say
-10% to +10% error, proceed. If unsatisfactory, return to step 8 and increase or
decrease the number of plates.

13. Check the pressure drop for each stream.

The advantages and disadvantages of gasketed plate heat exchangers, compared with
conventional shell and tube exchangers are listed below :

Advantages

1. It can be easily be dissembled for cleaning.
2. The plates can be rearranged, added to, or removed from the plate rack for
difference service conditions.
3. The fluid residence time is short (low fluid volume to surface area ratio).
4. No hot or cold spots exist which could damage temperature sensitive fluids.
5. Fluid leakage between streams cannot occur unless plate material fails.
6. Fluid package due to a defective or damaged gasket is external and easily
detected.
7. Low fouling is encountered due to the high turbulence created by the plates.
8. A very small plot area is required relative to a shell and tube type heat exchanger

for the same service.

Disadvantages

1. Care must be taken by maintenance personnel to prevent damage to the gaskets
during disassembly, cleaning, and reassembly.
2. A relatively low upper design temperature limitation exists.
3. A relatively low upper design pressure limitation exists.

4. Gaskets materials are not compatible with all fluids

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Hofmann can manufacture spare parts of plate heat exchangers which is suitable for the following brands:

◆ Alfa Laval Gaskets & Plates               ◆ GEA Gaskets & Plates                   ◆ APV Gaskets & Plates

◆ Sondex Gaskets & Plates                  ◆ Tranter Gaskets & Plates                ◆ Hisaka Gaskets & Plates

◆ Funke Gaskets & Plates                    ◆ Vicarb Gaskets & Plates                 ◆ APV-Pasilac Gaskets & Plates

◆ Mueller Gaskets & Plates                   ◆ Schmidt Bretten Gaskets & Plates                     

◆ SWEP Gaskets & Plates                   ◆ Fischer Gaskets & Plates       

http://www.hfm-phe.com/products/replacement-part.html 

Plate Heat Exchanger Construction

Plate heat exchanger components

The components consist of a fixed end plate, connections and a loose pressure plate,

with carrier bars mounted between them. The plates are hung from the top carrier bar.

The carriers bar also serve to position the heat transfer plates. The single plates are pulled

together to form a plate pack by means of tightening bolts.

Gasketed plate heat exchangers are available in standard sizes or can be individually

prepared.

Brazed plate heat exchangers

A brazed plate heat exchanger is small, light and compact. It does not need gaskets.

Instead, it is brazed together using cooper to give a strong, compact construction.

This heat exchanger is especially suitable for pressure up to 50 bar and temperatures

from -196oC to +550oC.

Plate Heat Exchanger Construction

A plate heat exchanger consist of a number of heat transfer plates which are held in place

between a fixed plate and a loose pressure plate to form a complete unit. Each heat

transfer plate has a gasket arrangement which provides two separate channel systems.

The arrangement of the gaskets (field and ring gaskets) results in through flow in single

channels, so that the primary and secondary media are in counter-current flow. The media

cannot be mixed because of the gasket design.

The plates are corrugated, which creates turbulence in the fluids as they flow through the

unit. This turbulence, in association with the ratio of the volume of the media to the size

of heat exchanger, gives an effective heat transfer coefficient.

Hofmann http://www.hfm-phe.com/ is producing a full range of plate heat exchanger related products, machine wholesale, plates, gaskets and other spare parts. Hofmann is developing fast in oversea market exporting, and its best quality with lower price is gaining more and more oversea customers to establish longtime cooperation relationship. Please feel free to contact service@hfm-phe.com for free quotation. 

Hofmann (Beijing) Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.

Hofmann which was founded in 1998 is a one-stop comprehensive service provider of heat exchanger products and technologies. Branches are spread all over the world and the headquarters is located in Beijing, China. http://www.hfm-phe.com/

Hofmann is developing fast in oversea market exporting nowadays. It employed advanced technology and manufacture skills to make the products better than others in the same industry.

The machine wholesale and plates, gaskets are widely used in many industries. And Hofmann can provide design service to meet your customized needs.

Please feel free to contact service@hfm-phe.com for a free quotation.

PHE Hofmann

The Frame

The plate heat exchanger, as shown in Figure 1, consists of a stationary head and end

support connected by a top carrying bar and bottom guide rail. These form a rigid frame,

which supports the plates and moveable follower. In most units, plates are securely

compressed between the head and follower by means of tie bars on either side of the

exchanger.

In a few models, central tightening spindles working against a reinforced end support are

used for compression. When PHEs are opened, the follower moves easily along the top

bar with the aid of a bearing supported roller, to allow full access to each individual plate.

With the expectation of some sanitary models, which are clad with stainless steel.

PHE frames are fabricated of carbon steel and finished in chemical resistant epoxy paint.

Frame ports accept bushings of stainless steel or alternative metals, which with various types 

of flanged or sanitary connections, from the inlet and outlet nozzles. By using

intermediate connector plates as shown in Figure 2, units can be divided into separate

sections to accommodate multiple duties within a single frame.

The Plates

The closely spaced metal heat transfer plates have through or corrugations, which
induced turbulence to the liquids flowing as a thin stream between the plates. The plates
have corner ports, which in the complete plate pack from a manifold for even fluid

distribution to the individual plate passage.

The Gaskets

The seal between the plates is established by a peripheral gasket which also separates
the thru port and flow areas with a double barrier. The interspace is vented to atmosphere
to prevent cross-contamination in the event of leakage.

Gasketed plate and frame exchanger, in this type the plates are sandwiched together by
an outside frame with tie rods that provide uniform sealing of the plate gaskets. The plates
are 0.02 to 0.04 in (0.6 to 1 mm) thick. The size of the individual plates ranges from a
minimum of approximately 0.5 ft x 1.5 ft (0.15 m x 0.46 m) to as large as 4 ft x 10 ft (1.220
m x 3.05 m). Plate and frame exchangers have heat transfer surface areas ranging from

5 to 13,000 ft2 (0.5 to 1210 m2).

The maximum temperature and pressure limits on a gasketed PHE are approximately

450oF and 350 psia [230oC and 2400 kPa(a)].

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Hofmann is a one-stop supplier for full categories of plate heat exchangers, brazed heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers’ plates, gaskets, as well as the frames and other accessories. http://www.hfm-phe.com/

The plates are all made of internationally wide used materials, stainless steel 304, 316 and titanium. And can be well suitable to Alfa Laval, APV, Kelvion (former GEA), SWEP, Tranter, Sondex and many other brands. Hofmann is serving to provide custom services for you. You may feel free to contact service@hfm-phe.com for more information and free quotation.

Plate Heat Exchanger

Author / Editor

Karl Kolmetz

A heat exchanger is a device for heat transfer from one medium to another. The personnel needs to understand the terminology of the heat transfer equipment in order to properly design, specify, evaluate bids, and check drawings for this equipment.

Heat transfer is one of the most important, as well as the most applied process, in

chemical and petrochemical plants. Economics of plant operation often are controlled by

the effectiveness of the use and recovery of heat or cold (refrigeration). The service

functions of steam, power, refrigeration supply, and the like are dictated by how these

service or utilities are used within the process to produce an efficient conversion and

recovery of heat.

The basic plate heat exchanger consist of a series of thin, corrugated plates that are

gasketed or welded together (or any combination of these) depending on the liquids

passing through and on whether it is practical to be able to subsequently separates the

plates, for whatever reason. The plates are then compressed together in a rigid frame to

create an arrangement of parallel flow channels. One fluid travels in the odd numbered

channels, the other in the even channels. All plate heat exchangers look similar from the

outside. The differences lie inside, in the details of plate design and the sealing

technologies used.

The basic concept of a heat exchanger is based on the promise that the loss of heat on
the high temperature side is exactly the same as the heat gained in the low temperature
side after the heat and mass flows through the heat exchanger. Heat exchanger simply
exchanges the heat between those two sides; as a result, it is decreasing the temperature
of higher temperature side and increasing the temperature of lower temperature side. But
designing heat exchanger might be a challenge; it needs iteration for manual calculation.

Hence, a guideline to properly select and sizing is needed.

An innovative type of heat exchanger that has found widespread use is the plate and
frame (or just plate) heat exchanger, which consists of a series of plates with corrugated
flat flow passages. The hot and cold fluids flow in alternate passages, and thus each cold
fluid stream is surrounded by two hot fluid streams, resulting in very effective heat
transfer. Also, plate heat exchangers can grow with increasing demand for heat transfer
by simply mounting more plates. They are well suited for liquid to liquid heat exchange

applications, provided that the hot and cold fluid streams are at about the same pressure.

Plate type heat exchangers (PHE) consist of a number of parallel flow channels, formed
by adjacent metal plates that are either welded or separated by gasket material around
the perimeter of each plate. The plates can be formed from a variety of metals, but
typically are made of stainless steel. The manufacturing process presses the plates into
a corrugated shape that is different for each plate type and is proprietary to each

manufacturer.

The corrugations (sometimes called ribs or chevrons) both increase the mixing of the flow
stream and add strength and support to the plate. The flow channel width between
adjacent plates ranges from 0.05 to 0.25 in. (1.27 to 6.35 mm) and the ribs of adjacent
plates have contact point with each other at regular intervals. PHEs can be designed for
true counter flow because the hot and cold flow streams pass through adjacent channels

over the entire length of the exchanger.

The main advantages of PHE are their compact size and high heat transfer effectiveness
that allow reduced number of units, smaller spaces and, for offshore platforms, and
reduced weight. They are especially attractive in cost when the equivalent shell and tube
exchanger would require in alloy shell or tubes. The minimum recommended construction
material for all types of PHEs and welded PHEs is type 304 stainless steel.

PHEs are presently operating in such liquid-liquid services as heat recovery loops,
chemical process coolers and heaters, oil platform applications, and seawater cooling.

Partially welded PHEs make good applications in product coolers using cooling water.

The plate and frame heat exchanger is not specifically considered, because steady state
design follows standard contraflow or parallel flow procedures. It is only necessary to

source sets of heat transfer and flow friction correlations before proceeding.

Plate type exchangers consist of a number of parallel flow channels, formed by adjacent
metal plates that are either welded or separated by gasket material around the perimeter
of each plate. The plates can be formed from a variety of metals, but typically are made
of stainless steel. The manufacturing process presses the plates into a corrugated shape
that is different for each plate type and is proprietary to each manufacturer. The
corrugation (sometimes called ribs or chevrons) both increase the mixing of the flow

stream and add strength and support to the plate.
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Hofmann is a Chinese manufacture of PHE, gaskets, and plates. More info,http://www.hfm-phe.com/